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Appropriate Technology for Sewage Pollution Control in the Wider Caribbean Region | Report
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| Caribbean Environment Programme Technical Report #40 1998 | All CEP Technical Reports |
Part 3.
Group Discussion
Table of Issues, Existing Technologies and Future Possible Options
The final session was a Group Discussion to develop action plans for the future. Four groups separately listed the issues, existing technologies and future possible options in their countries. Each group was given three (3) stickers for three (3) former categories. Each group then rated each entry for its priority or prevalence by placing three (3) stickers on their chosen entries. The numbers after each line item represents the summation for the group (i.e. the higher the number the higher the priority or prevalence). The following tables document the results of these group discussions.
GROUP 1
PARTICIPANTS:Anguilla: |
Mr. Stephenson Rogers |
St Kitts & Nevis: |
Mr. Errol Rawlins |
Antigua & Barbuda: |
Mr. DavidMattery |
St Lucia: |
Ms Francine Clouden |
Barbados: |
Mr. Anthony S Headley |
St Lucia: |
Mr. Errol Frederick |
France: |
Mr. Eric Muller |
Trinidad & Tobago: |
Mr. Kansham Kanhai |
Facilitator: Assoc. Prof. Goen Ho, Australia
ISSUES |
EXISTING TECHNOLOGIES |
FUTURE |
| Marine
pollution (7) Lack of legislation and standards (4) Training of personnel (4) Lack of maintenance (3) Lack of enforcement/ management (3) Lack of funding (2) Lack of education (public) (2) High level of nitrates (aquifer) (1) Management of night soil (1) Lack of institutional frameworks Limited land space High water table Appropriate tarn-f structure Lack of monitoring/data Improper effluent disposal (st) Sewage management outside sewered areas Lack of regional policy Laboratory accreditation Water scarcity/regular supply |
COLLECTION Pit latrine (6) Night soil (1) |
COLLECTION More central sewerage (with treatment) (6) Training and public education (4) Rationalisation of existing system (2) Small bore sewerage (1) |
| TREATMENT Septic tank (10) Packaged treatment plant (6) Activated sludge (2) Grease trap (1) Ponds (1) Filter bed |
TREATMENT Improved on-site system (9) |
|
| DISPOSAL Aquatic No treatment Marine outfall (no treatment) |
DISPOSAL Reuse and recycle (5) |
GROUP 2
PARTICIPANTS:Aruba |
Mr. Elton Lioe-A-Tjam |
Jamaica |
Mr. Donald McDowell |
Bahamas |
Ms Christal Francis |
Jamaica |
Mr. Errol Motley |
British Virgin Island |
Mr. Mukesh Ganesh |
Jamaica |
Mr. David Steen |
Haiti |
Pierre Carlo Lafond |
Netherlands Antilles |
Mr. Patricio D Oleana |
Jamaica |
Mr. Bruce Excell |
Netherlands Antilles |
Mr. Arthur Rodriguez |
Jamaica |
Ms Stephanie Fletcher |
Trinidad and Tobago |
Mr. Kansham Kanhai |
Facilitator: Dr Kuruvilla Mathew, Australia
ISSUES |
EXISTING TECHNOLOGIES |
FUTURE |
| Maintenance
(5) Enforcement of legislation (5) Finance (5) Upgrade and improvement (5) Planning for future (4) Pollution of coastal waters (3) Lack of resources (1) Integration of management policies (1) Land availability (1) Training of operators High water consumption (conservation) |
COLLECTION Pit Latrines (2) Community pit latrines (1) Aqua – privy |
COLLECTION Sewer system (4) Small diameter systems with effluent reclamation (2) Pit Latrines (sanitary VIDP) (1) |
| TREATMENT Septic tanks (8) Lagoons (5) Oxidation ditch (4) Activated sludge system (4) Trickling filter (2) Package plants (2) Sludge digestion Sand filters Botanic (aquatic) |
TREATMENT Activated sludge (8) Septic tanks (5) Wet lands (4) UV Disinfection (3) Lagoons (3) Oxidation Ditches |
|
| DISPOSAL Sea outfall (1) Bag disposal method (1) Ground infiltration |
DISPOSAL Small diameter systems with effluent reclamation (2) |
GOALS |
ACTION |
|
1 2 3 4
6
7 |
Conventional pit
latrines should be discouraged Rehabilitation Awareness – Education of policy marers as well as decision marers Sectoral approach – master plan Monitoring Enforcements of international treaties: Vessels should have holding tanks |
Set goal for
improvement of systems/areas to be covered in timeframe. Community Awareness – incorporate social and cultural activities. Associate with NOWRA Training and education: Regional coordination program |
GROUP 3
Cabo Verde |
Mr. Antunio Barbosa |
Jamaica |
Mr. Matthew Krachon |
Canada |
Mr. Jean-Pierre Dube |
Jamaica |
Mr. Cliff Reynolds |
Canada |
Mr. John A McKee |
Jamaica |
Mr. Roger Surtees |
Canada |
Ms Christiane Roy |
USA |
Mr. Ted Loudon |
Jamaica |
Mr. Peter Collins |
USA |
Mr. David Pask |
Jamaica |
Ms Ining Hsu |
Facilitator: Ms Christiane Roy, Canada
ISSUES |
EXISTING TECHNOLOGIES |
FUTURE |
|
| Political
Will (10) Education (5) Money – Capital (4) - O & M (4) Cultural values (4) Legal framework (3) Management (2) Public health (2) Training (1) Motivation (1) Enforcement (1) Standards Monitoring Technology perceptions Public awareness Natural resources Subdivision practices Social issues Affordability |
COLLECTION None (6) Septic tank effluent (3) Municipal gravity sewer Septage haulind Surface/Gulleys Gravity |
COLLECTION Rehabilitation (3) Easily upgradable (3) STEP and STEG (3) Assistance in connection (2) Water segregation (1) On-site No dig Cluster Extension of existing system Standard gravity |
|
| TREATMENT Lagoons (4) None/Honey bags (3) St & Absorption pits (1) VIDP VIP Package plants Activated sludge Reed beds Sand filters Recir. Filter |
TREATMENT Low Tech (RSF, ISF, reed beds, Lagoons) (8) Upgrading (1) VIDP and others (1) Tertiary (N.P. Disinfection) (1) Standardization Community Maintenance Rehabilitation On-site |
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| DISPOSAL Sea outfall (8) Reuse (3) Soak away pits (2) Deep well injection Inland rivers Surface disposal |
DISPOSAL Reuse water (7) Irrigation (1) Offshore disposal (1) Reuse sludge Groundwater recharge Soil conditioning |
||
EDUCATION PHASE |
PLANNING PHASE |
||
| GOALS | Involve
private sector early Academics involved in R.B.A. and continuing education Money: - creative financing Emphasize the cultural values/issues Simultaneous action at political and community level Project management beginning to end Focus on practical action (deliverables) Not a handout – system controlled by people |
Must continually
assess effectiveness of education phase Technically part of planning phase must follow education phase and utilize its results Plan for O & M -- training Accountability Creative financing |
|
| ACTION | Risk
based assessment Initial survey (person to person) Develop education strategy (based on survey Technical workshops: Educate Public – Political Action |
Some
assessment of R.B.A - eliminate infeasible solutions (and therefore continuous feedback) Arise from Technical Workshops: - goals Critical Path Diagram |
|
Belize |
Mr. Jose Medoza |
Mexico |
Dr Felipe Cortes |
Colombia |
Dr Serigo Cruz Fierro |
USA |
Mr. Louis Salguero |
Cuba |
Ms Carmen C Berro |
Venezuela |
Ms Fanny Rodriquez |
Guatemala |
Mr. Adan Collazos |
Facilitator: Dr Martin Anda, Australia
ISSUES |
EXISTING TECHNOLOGIES |
FUTURE |
| Operation
of management (4) Lack of financial resources (8) Capacity building (3) Political will (3) Lack of plan (development) (2) Inappropriate technology (1) Multisectoralism Training Sensitive ecosystem |
COLLECTION Latrines (2) Dry toilets |
COLLECTION Simplified collection systems (1) Collection systems w/minimal leakage (1) Small diameter pipes |
| TREATMENT Stabilization pond (10) Trickling filters (4) Septic tanks (3) Imhoff tank (1) Tertiary treatment (1) Wetlands UASB – Unit Anaerobic Sludge Blanket Aerobic/Anaerobic ponds |
TREATMENT Environmentally friendly systems of reasonable cost to all sectors (4) Appropriate legislation – monitoring and enforcement (4) Technology to remove industrial pollutants (pre-treatments) (3) Research and development of possible treatment options (2) Rehabilitation of existing systems (1) |
|
| DISPOSAL Ocean outfall |
DISPOSAL Recycle and reuse of wastes (5) |
|
GOALS |
ACTIONS |
|
| ISSUES Lack of Financial Resources
Capacity Building Political Will |
Obtain Financial Resources
Institutional Strengthening Public Awareness |
Debt Relief for Environment Protection. Charge consumer for wastewater: - Training - Networking of other Institutions Training Meetings/Conferences for Politicians |
EXISTING SYSTEMS Stabilization of Ponds Trickling Systems Septic Tanks |
Improve on Existing Systems |
- Rehabilitation and Monitoring - Pilot Projects |
FUTURE |
Increase the
amount and quality of available H2O supply Develop appropriate laws and regulations to protect water bodies Network with other organizations of acquisition of appropriate technology |
Education of Public
and Cost Watershed Protection Workshop/Seminars with relevant organizations, etc |
Foreword | Editorial | Part 1 | Part 2 | Part 3 | Appendice 1 | Appendice 2 | Appendice 3 | Appendice 4 | Appendice 5
| Report Contents | Last Updated: |