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Caribbean Environment Programme
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Appropriate Technology for Sewage Pollution Control in the Wider Caribbean Region |
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1. IntroductionBackground
Scope of Contract
Report Plan
Acknowledgements
Geographic Definition of Wider Caribbean Region
Wastewater Composition
Distribution of Pollution Sources
Sewage Treatment Goals
Current Practices and Effects
Current Water Quality Standards
Domestic Wastewater Management Planning Process
Community Profile
Problem Definition
Alternative Evaluation and Selection
Environmental Impact Assessment
Public Participation
Finalising the Plan
Build Institutional Infrastructure
Land Use PlanningConsiderations for Industrial Wastewater Management
Government Involvement
Problem Definition
Economic Assessment
Personnel Availability
PrioritiesBackground on Sewage Pollution in the WCR
Environmental Planning and Management
Collection System Alternatives
Domestic Sewage Treatment Options for Household Systems
Domestic Sewage Treatment Options for On-Site Systems
Domestic Sewage Treatment Options for Low-Technology, Land Intensive Treatment
Domestic Sewage Treatment Options for Conventional Mechanised Treatment
Industrial Wastewater
Solids Treatment and DisposalVenezuela
Valencia Projects—General
La Mariposa
Los Guayos
Dos Cerritos
Juangriego
Cost of Sewage Treatment Facilities in VenezuelaTrinidad
Beetham Lagoons
Arima
San Fernando
CharlievilleSt. Lucia
Rodney Bay
Hotel Package PlantsChapter 6. Methodology for Selecting Appropriate Technology
Collection Systems
Decision-Tree CriteriaDomestic Wastewater Treatment
Decision-Tree Criteria
Assumptions Used to Develop the Decision TreeIndustrial Wastewater Treatment
Decision Tree Criteria
Other Processes
Assumptions Used to Develop the Decision TreeSolids Treatment and Disposal
Loadings
Decision Tree Criteria
Costs
Achievable Treatment EfficienciesChapter 7. Effluent Standards Workshop
Report Comments
Additional Issues
Effluent Discharge Control Parameters
Industrial Wastewater Disposal
Timing
List of Tables2-1 Typical Industrial Wastewater Pollutant Characteristics
List of Figures
2-2 Summary of Pollutant Loadings in the Wider Caribbeean Basin
2-3 Sewage Collection and Treatment Practices and Effects in the WCR
5-1 Design Data; Rodney Bay AIPS
5-2 Effluent Quality Data; Rodney Bay AIPS, 1996-1997
6-1 Achievable Efficiencies for Domestic Wastewater Treatment Processes
7-1 Parameters and Standards for Domestic and Industrial Wastewater Discharges in the WCR6-1 Decision Tree for Appropriate Sewage Collection System
6-2 Decision Tree for Appropriate Domestic Sewage Treatment
6-3 Decision Tree for Appropriate Industrial Sewage Treatment
6-4 Decision Tree for Appropriate Solids Treatment and Disposal
7-1 Decision Tree for Effluent Standards
Appendices
A. Tables 9 to 12 of CEP Technical Report No. 33; Distribution of Caribbean Pollution Sources
B. Water Quality Standards from the U.S. and Other Countries
C. Abstracts on Selected Works From Literature Review
D. Fact Sheets on Specific Sewage Pollution Control Technologies
E. Experts Meeting Invitees and Participants
Note: This document was commissioned by UNEP – Caribbean Environment Programme with a grant from U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and a contribution from the Trust Fund.
The designations employed and the presentation of the materials in this document do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of UNEP concerning the legal status of any State, Territory, city or area, or its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of their frontiers or boundaries. The document contains the views expressed by the authors acting in their individual capacity and may not necessarily reflect the views of UNEP.
©1998 UNEP
Caribbean Environment Programme
14-20 Port Royal Street
Kingston, Jamaica
This publication may be reproduced in whole or in part and in any form for educational and non-profit purposes without special from the copyright holder, provided acknowledgement of the source is made. UNEP would appreciate receiving a copy of any publication that uses this material as a source.
No use of this publication may be made for resale or for any other commercial purposes whatsoever without prior permission in writing of UNEP.
For bibliographic purposes the printed version of this document may be cited as:
UNEP: Appropriate Technology for Sewage Pollution Control in the Wider Caribbean Region. CEP Technical Report No. 40. UNEP Caribbean Environment Programme, Kingston 1998.