The Protocol concerning Specially Protected Areas and Wildlife (SPAW Protocol) has been internationally recognized as the most comprehensive treaty of its kind. Adopted in Kingston, Jamaica by the member governments of the Caribbean Environment Programme on 18 January 1990, the SPAW Protocol preceded other international environmental agreements in utilizing an ecosystem approach to conservation and was entered into force on 18 June 2000. The Protocol acts as a vehicle to assist with regional implementation of the broader and more demanding global Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). The Protocol also assists with the promotion and linkages of the Ramsar and CITES Conventions. A Memorandum of Cooperation exists between the Ramsar Secretariat and UNEP-CAR/RCU.